List of Abbreviations from Class 12 Biology
These are abbreviations selected from only the NCERT Textbook for Biology
1. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANT
- PMC: Pollen Mother Cell
- MMC: Megaspore Mother Cell
- PEN: Primary Endosperm Nucleus
- PEC: Primary Endosperm Cell
2. HUMAN REPRODCTION
- GnRH: Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
- LH: Luteinising Hormone
- FSH: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- hPL : Human placental lactogen
- hCG: Human chorionic gonadotropin
3. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
- STDs; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- RCH: Reproductive and Child Health Care
- MMR: Maternal Mortality Rate
- IMR: Infant Mortality Rate
- IUDs: Intra Uterine Devices
- MTP: Medical Termination of Pregnancy
- VD: Venereal Diseases
- RTI: Reproductive Tract Infection
- HIV: Human Immunodeficiency virus
- PID: Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases
- ART: Assisted Reproductive Technologies
- IVF: In vitro Fertilization
- ZIFT: Zygote intra fallopian transfer
- IUT: Intra Uterine transfer
- GIFT: Gamete intra fallopian transfer
- ICSI: Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
- AI: Artificial Insemination
- IUI: Intra uterine insemination
- ET: Embryo Transfer
- CDRI: Central Drug Research Institute
4.MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
- NHC Protein: Non-histone Chromosomal proteins
- mRNA: Messenger RNA
- tRNA: Transfer RNA
- rRNA: Ribosomal RNA
- sn RNAs: small nuclear RNAs
- hn RNAs: heterogenous nuclear RNA
- UTR: Untranslated Regions
- HPG: Human Genome Project
- ESTs: Expressed Sequence Tags
- BAC: Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes
- YAC: Yeast Artificial Chromosomes
- SNPs: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- VNTR: Variable Number of Tandem Repeats
5. HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES
- PMNL: Polymorpho nuclear leucocytes
- CMI: Cell mediated immunity
- MALT: Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue
- AIDS: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
- HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay
- NACO: National AIDS Control Organisation
- MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- CT: Computed Tomography
6. STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION
- MOET: Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology
- SCP: Single Cell Protein
7. MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE
- LAB: Lactic Acid Bacteria
- BOD: Biochemical/Biological Oxygen Demand
- IARI: Indian Agricultural Research Institute
- KVIC: Khadi and Village Industries Commission
8. BIOTECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES
- EFB: European Federation of Biotechnology
- RE: Restriction Enzymes
- PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction
9. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION
- RNAi: RNA interference
- GMO: Genetically Modified Organism
- Bt: Bacillus thuringiensis
- ADA: Adenosine deaminase deficiency
- cDNA: Ccomplementary DNA
- GEAC: Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
10. ECOSYSTEM
- GPP: Gross Primary Productivity
- NPP: Net Primary Productivity
- GFC: Grazing Food Chain
- DFC: Detritus Food Chain
- CPCB: Central Pollution Control Board
- DU: Dobson unit
- CFCs: Chloroflurocarbons
- JFM: Joint Forest Management
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